Understanding Gonorrhoea
Gonorrhoea is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Left untreated, it can cause long-term complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, or increased risk of HIV transmission.
Many people have no symptoms at all, but when present, the symptoms of sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhoea may include:
- Burning sensation when passing urine
- Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina
- Pelvic or abdominal pain
- Sore throat, rectal pain, or discharge (depending on exposure site)
Because gonorrhoea can be silent, relying only on symptoms is not enough.
Why Antimicrobial Resistance Matters
Over time, Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to almost every antibiotic used against it, including penicillin, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides.
Currently, the main recommended treatment is an injection of ceftriaxone. However, emerging strains – sometimes called “super gonorrhoea” – show resistance even to this option. These strains are sometimes referred to in the media as “super bug” gonorrhoea because they are extremely difficult to treat. This makes rapid diagnosis and careful antibiotic use more important than ever.
The Role of STI Testing
The only way to be sure whether you have gonorrhoea is through reliable testing. There are different tests for sexually transmitted infections, including:
- PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) testing – a highly accurate method that detects the genetic material of the bacteria. It is one of the most advanced forms of NAAT (Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests) and is widely used in private and NHS settings.
- Urine or swab samples – collected depending on the site of exposure (genital, throat, rectal).
- Culture and sensitivity testing – still essential if resistance is suspected or treatment does not work, as it shows which antibiotics remain effective.
Testing is especially important if you:
✔ Have new or multiple sexual partners
✔ Notice any symptoms of sexually transmitted infections
✔ Are part of a higher-risk group (e.g. men who have sex with men, sex workers, or people with HIV)
Protecting Yourself and Others
- Use condoms consistently.
- Have regular screening if you are sexually active with new or multiple partners.
- Ensure partners are also tested and treated if needed.
- Seek medical advice promptly if you develop symptoms.
The Bottom line: Gonorrhoea is becoming harder to treat due to antimicrobial resistance. Regular STI screening – including PCR testing – and early treatment remain the best defence. If you’re concerned, book an appointment to discuss reliable tests for sexually transmitted infections and protect your long-term health.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. What is PCR testing for gonorrhoea?
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) testing is a highly sensitive laboratory method that detects the DNA of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can pick up very small amounts of the bacteria, making it one of the most reliable tests for gonorrhoea.
2. How long do results take?
PCR results are usually available the Same Day within 24h at OneMedicine. Culture results can take a little longer, as the bacteria must grow in the lab.
3. Can gonorrhoea be cured?
Yes – gonorrhoea can usually be cured with the right antibiotics. However, due to antimicrobial resistance, it’s important to follow your doctor’s advice and attend for a test of cure if recommended.
4. Do I still need a test if I have no symptoms?
Yes. Many people with gonorrhoea have no symptoms at all. Routine screening is important if you’ve had a new partner, multiple partners, or are in a higher-risk group.
5. How can I reduce my risk of catching gonorrhoea?
✔ Use condoms during vaginal, oral, and anal sex
✔ Get regular screening if you are sexually active
✔ Make sure your partners are also tested and treated
